Danish grammar
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Prepositions
| Prepositions show relationships like place, direction, time, and cause. One Danish preposition can map to several English ones, so learn them in context. | |
| This page focuses on tricky items and common contrasts learners mix up. | |
| ad – along/via a route | |
| Use for movement along/by way of a path or opening. | |
| Han kom ind ad vinduet | He came in through the window |
| Gå hen ad gaden | Walk along the street |
| Han faldt ned ad trappen | He fell down the stairs |
| af – off/from; made of; because of | |
| Separation or source; materials; reason/cause. | |
| Hun stod ud af bilen | She got out of the car |
| Den er lavet af plastik | It is made of plastic |
| Han gjorde det af grådighed | He did it out of greed |
| Han lavede en båd af pap | He made a boat out of cardboard |
| hos – at/with someone (their place or practice) | |
| Vi mødes hos Peter | We are meeting at Peter's place |
| Jeg er hos lægen | I am at the doctor's |
| Han bor hos sin mor | He lives with his mother |
| mod / imod – towards vs against | |
| Kig mod nord | Look towards the north |
| Vi spiller mod FCK | We are playing against FCK |
| Jeg har ikke noget imod det | I have nothing against it |
| på – on/at; also with times & clothing | |
| Han kommer på mandag | He is coming on Monday |
| Hun har en hat på | She is wearing a hat |
| De er på stranden | They are at the beach |
| Han er på toilettet | He is in the bathroom |
| Jeg skal putte benzin på bilen | I need to put fuel in the car |
| ved – by/at; about to; do something about | |
| Han sidder ved døren | He is sitting by the door |
| Vi drikker gløgg ved juletid | We drink gløgg at Christmastime |
| Jeg er ved at blive syg | I am about to get sick |
| Du skal gøre noget ved det | You should do something about it |
| i vs på – places and institutions | |
| i = inside; på is used with many public places/institutions. | |
| Han er på hospitalet | He is in hospital (as a patient) |
| Han er i hospitalet | He is in the hospital building |
| Vi er på arbejde / på café / på universitetet | We are at work / at a café / at the university |
| Børnene er i skole (in class) | The children are in school |
| til vs i – destination vs location | |
| Vi kører til Paris | We are driving to Paris |
| Vi er i Paris nu | We are in Paris now |
| Kommer du til festen? | Are you coming to the party? |
| Hun er i kirke | She is in church |
| om – about; in (time); at (recurring) | |
| Vi taler om filmen | We are talking about the film |
| Jeg kommer om to minutter | I will come in two minutes |
| De rejser om sommeren | They travel in the summer |
| Vi ses om natten | We meet at night |
| Short sentences in context | |
| Hun gik ind ad døren og satte sig ved bordet | She went in through the door and sat by the table |
| Vi boede hos venner i Aarhus i tre år | We stayed with friends in Aarhus for three years |
| Han kigger mod havnen, hvor skibet ligger | He looks towards the harbour, where the ship is |
| Jeg er ved at gemme programmet nu | I am about to save the program now |
| De lander på torsdag og kører til hotellet | They arrive on Thursday and drive to the hotel |
| Common pitfalls | |
| ✘ Han faldt ned af trappen | ✓ Han faldt ned ad trappen (many Danish speakers get this wrong) |
| ✘ Jeg er ved Peter | ✓ Jeg er hos Peter (at Peter's place) |
| ✘ Han er i hospitalet (as a patient) | ✓ Han er på hospitalet (in hospital) |
| ✘ Vi kører i Paris i morgen | ✓ Vi kører til Paris i morgen (to Paris) |
| ✘ Jeg går til hjem | ✓ Jeg går hjem (no preposition with hjem) |
| Quick tips | |
| • Route/path: ad • From/of/out of: af • At someone's place: hos • Towards/against: mod • At/on (for many public places, times, clothes): på • By/near/about to: ved • Destination vs. Location: til vs. i/på • About/in (time frame): om |
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