Danish grammar
Discourse adverbs
| Discourse adverbs add tone and attitude – they hedge, soften, correct, or appeal to shared knowledge. They are high-frequency in speech and often have no exact English equivalents. In main clauses, they usually behave like central adverbials (right after the finite verb). Some can also come first for effect – if so, the finite verb must still be second (V2). | |
| jo – shared knowledge / "as you know" | |
| Signals that something should be obvious or already known. Also used as the answer jo to a negative question (see below). | |
| A: Bilen er hurtig. B: Det er jo en Ferrari. |
A: The car is fast. B: It is a Ferrari, you know. |
| Han er jo træt i dag | He is tired today, you know |
| Det var jo planen | That was the plan, after all |
| Answering negative questions with jo ("Yes, I do / Yes, I am"): | |
| A: Skal du have kaffe? - B: Ja. A: Skal du ikke have kaffe? - B: Jo. |
A: Are you having coffee? - B: Yes. A: Aren't you having coffee? - B: Yes. |
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